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 interferometric imaging


Stochastic Expectation Maximization for Robust State-Space Radio Interferometric Imaging

arXiv.org Machine Learning

State-space models provide a powerful framework for describing the evolution of hidden states in dynamical systems [3], [4], [1]. Conventionally, state-space models assume Gaussian measurement and state noise, owing to their tractability and well-characterized statistical properties. However, many real-world phenomena are subject to perturbations that deviate from the conventional Gaussian noise assumption. In radio interferometry, for instance, observational data are frequently corrupted by non-Gaussian noise sources such as radio-frequency interference (RFI) [5], [2], which originates from man-made signals and introduces significant distortions into astronomical measurements [6], [30]. Such interference produces sporadic high-power spikes in the measured visibilities, leading to heavy-tailed statistics. Many radio-interferometric reconstruction methods assume Gaussian additive noise [7], [31], [33], [35], an approximation that can lead to inaccurate reconstructions when the heavy-tailed nature of real-world measurement noise is not properly accounted for. In the realm of state-space modeling, addressing non-Gaussian noise has led to the development of various methodological approaches, notably particle filtering and non-conventional Kalman filters. Particle filters [8], or Sequential Monte Carlo methods, are designed to handle non-linear and non-Gaussian state-space models by representing the posterior distribution with a set of weighted samples [9], [10], [32].


Super-Resolution for Interferometric Imaging: Model Comparisons and Performance Analysis

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This study investigates the application of Super-Resolution techniques in holographic microscopy to enhance quantitative phase imaging. An off-axis Mach-Zehnder interferometric setup was employed to capture interferograms. The study evaluates two Super-Resolution models, RCAN and Real-ESRGAN, for their effectiveness in reconstructing high-resolution interferograms from a microparticle-based dataset. The models were assessed using two primary approaches: image-based analysis for structural detail enhancement and morphological evaluation for maintaining sample integrity and phase map accuracy. The results demonstrate that RCAN achieves superior numerical precision, making it ideal for applications requiring highly accurate phase map reconstruction, while Real-ESRGAN enhances visual quality and structural coherence, making it suitable for visualization-focused applications. This study highlights the potential of Super-Resolution models in overcoming diffraction-imposed resolution limitations in holographic microscopy, opening the way for improved imaging techniques in biomedical diagnostics, materials science, and other high-precision fields.